Recommanded Product: 494-52-0. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, CAS is 494-52-0, about An essay on ecosystem availability of Nicotiana glauca graham alkaloids: the honeybees case study. Author is Kasiotis, Konstantinos M.; Evergetis, Epameinondas; Papachristos, Dimitrios; Vangelatou, Olympia; Antonatos, Spyridon; Milonas, Panagiotis; Haroutounian, Serkos A.; Machera, Kyriaki.
The present study is elaborating on this subject with a specific focus on the Nicotiana glauca Graham (Solanaceae) alkaloids and their occurrence and food chain penetrability in Mediterranean ecosystems. The method exhibited satisfactory recoveries, for all analytes, ranging from 75 to 93%, and acceptable repeatability and reproducibility. Four compounds (anabasine, anatabine, nornicotine, and scopoletin) were identified and quantified in 3 N. glauca flowers extracts, establishing them as potential sources of alien bio-mols. The most abundant constituent was anabasine, determined at 3900 μg/g in the methanolic extract These extracts were utilized as feeding treatments on Apis mellifera honeybees, resulting in mild toxicity documented by 16-18% mortality. A slightly increased effect was elicited by the methanolic extract containing anabasine at 20 μg/mL, where mortality approached 25%. Dead bees were screened for residues of the N. glauca flower extracts compounds and a significant mean concentration of anabasine was evidenced in both 10 and 20 μg/mL treatments, ranging from 51 to 92 ng/g per bee body weight Scopoletin was also detected in trace amounts Conclusions: The mild toxicity of the extracts in conjunction with the alkaloid and coumarin residual detection in bees, suggest that these alien bio-mols. are transferred within the food chain, suggesting a chem. invasion phenomenon, never reported before.
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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI