Tag: M.W:100-200

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, CAS is 494-52-0, about Genetics influence postharvest measurements of flue-cured tobacco more than nitrogen application rate, the main research direction is Nicotiana nitrogen nicotine alkaloids genotype plant genetics environment.Formula: C10H14N2.

Regulations under consideration by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the World Health Organization propose that nicotine concentration in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) should be lowered to non-addictive levels (0.3 to 0.5 mg g-1). The proposed standards are 90 to 95% lower than the nicotine concentration typically documented in com. available cultivars. Research was conducted in six environments to evaluate two cultivars with normal alkaloid levels (K326 and NC95) and four genotypes with low alkaloid levels (DH16A, DH22A, DH32, and LAFC53). Each cultivar and genotype was paired with three N application rates: 70, 85, and 100% of the recommended rate. As N application declined, so too did cured leaf yield and nicotine, anabasine, and anatabine concentration in K326 and NC95. These factors were generally not affected by N application in the low alkaloid genotypes. In contrast, LAFC53 consistently produced the lowest cured leaf quality, value, and reducing sugar concentration when compared to all other cultivars. This observation demonstrates that K326 isolines are agronomically superior to LAFC53. Despite reductions in nicotine, the lowest documented concentration was still 10-fold greater than the proposed min. (LAFC53). Nitrogen did not influence the measured parameters as much as genetics; therefore, addnl. research that involves other agronomic practices is warranted. In addition, further genetic manipulation will be required to meet the standards proposed by regulatory groups.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Recommanded Product: (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H8O3, CAS is 32780-06-6, about Drug delivery by an enzyme-mediated cyclization of a lipid prodrug with unique bilayer-formation properties. Author is Linderoth, Lars; Peters, Guenther H.; Madsen, Robert; Andresen, Thomas L..

Liposomal drug-delivery systems in which prodrugs are activated specifically by disease-associated enzymes have great potential for the treatment of severe diseases, such as cancer. A new type of phospholipid-based prodrug has the ability to form stable small unilamellar vesicles. Activation of the prodrug vesicles by the enzyme sPLA2 initiates a cyclization reaction, which leads to the release of the drug.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

HPLC of Formula: 149554-29-0. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 6-(Piperazin-1-yl)nicotinonitrile, is researched, Molecular C10H12N4, CAS is 149554-29-0, about Decahydroisoquinoline derivatives as novel non-peptidic, potent and subtype-selective somatostatin sst3 receptor antagonists. Author is Troxler, Thomas; Hurth, Konstanze; Schuh, Karl-Heinrich; Schoeffter, Philippe; Langenegger, Daniel; Enz, Albert; Hoyer, Daniel.

Starting from non-peptidic sst1-selective somatostatin receptor antagonists, first compounds with mixed sst1/sst3 affinity were identified by directed structural modifications. Systematic optimization of these initial leads afforded novel, enantiomerically pure, highly potent and sst3-subtype selective somatostatin antagonists, e.g. I (R = piperonyl, 6-methoxypyridin-3-yl, 6-quinoxalinyl, etc.), based on a (4S,4aS,8aR)-decahydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylic acid core moiety. These compounds can efficiently be synthesized and show promising PK properties in rodents.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Effects of plant alkaloids on mitochondrial bioenergetic parameters, published in 2021-08-31, which mentions a compound: 494-52-0, mainly applied to plant alkaloid mitochondrial bioenergetic parameter nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; Alkaloids; Mitochondria; Mitochondria permeability transition pore; Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, Name: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine.

Mitochondria are among the first responders to various stress factors that challenge cell and tissue homeostasis. Various plant alkaloids have been investigated for their capacity to modulate mitochondrial activities. In this study, we used isolated mitochondria from mouse brain and liver tissues to assess nicotine, anatabine and anabasine, three alkaloids found in tobacco plant, for potential modulatory activity on mitochondrial bioenergetics parameters. All alkaloids decreased basal oxygen consumption of mouse brain mitochondria in a dose-dependent manner without any effect on the ADP-stimulated respiration. None of the alkaloids, at 1 nM or 1.25μM concentrations, influenced the maximal rate of swelling of brain mitochondria. In contrast to brain mitochondria, 1.25μM anatabine, anabasine and nicotine increased maximal rate of swelling of liver mitochondria suggesting a toxic effect. Only at 1 mM concentration, anatabine slowed down the maximal rate of Ca2+-induced swelling and increased the time needed to reach the maximal rate of swelling. The observed mitochondrial bioenergetic effects are probably mediated through a pathway independent of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, as quant. proteomic anal. could not confirm their expression in pure mitochondrial fractions isolated from mouse brain tissue.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Name: (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H8O3, CAS is 32780-06-6, about Synthesis of Reblastatin, Autolytimycin, and Non-Benzoquinone Analogues: Potent Inhibitors of Heat Shock Protein 90. Author is Wrona, Iwona E.; Gozman, Alexander; Taldone, Tony; Chiosis, Gabriela; Panek, James S..

The heat shock protein 90-inhibiting natural ansamycin natural products reblastatin I (R = MeO; R1 = H; X = CH2CH2) and autolytimycin I (R = R1 = H; X = CH2CH2), and four of their analogs I [R = MeO; R1 = H, MeOCH2, H2NHCO; X = (Z)-CH:CH, CH2CH2] lacking a quinone moiety are prepared using the chemoselective, regioselective, and stereoselective zirconium-mediated coupling reaction of a methyl-substituted alkyne with an aldehyde to give an (E)-trisubstituted allylic alc. and the copper-catalyzed macroamidation reaction of terminal amides containing a bromoarene as the key steps. The competitive binding of Hsp90α to I [R = H, MeO; R1 = H, MeOCH2, H2NHCO; X = (Z)-CH:CH, CH2CH2], an uncyclized derivative of reblastatin, a reblastatin analog lacking the carbamate ester, geldanamycin, and 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin is determined; the inhibition of human myeloid leukemia cells by I [R = MeO; R1 = H, MeOCH2, H2NHCO; X = (Z)-CH:CH, CH2CH2] and by 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (II), a geldanamycin derivative currently under evaluation for treatment of cancer, are determined Reblastatin and autolytimycin I (R = MeO, H; R1 = H; X = CH2CH2) bind heat shock protein 90 with better affinities (26 nM and 36 nM, resp.) than II (110 nM); I (R = MeO, H; R1 = H; X = CH2CH2) are more effective at inhibiting one of the human myeloid leukemia cell lines (Kasumi-1) than II but are less effective than II at inhibiting the other (MOLM-13).

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Nett, Ryan S.; Dho, Yaereen; Low, Yun-Yee; Sattely, Elizabeth S. published an article about the compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine( cas:494-52-0,SMILESS:C1(C=NC=CC=1)[C@@H]1CCCCN1 ).Category: catalyst-ligand. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:494-52-0) through the article.

Plants synthesize many diverse small mols. that affect function of the mammalian central nervous system, making them crucial sources of therapeutics for neurol. disorders. A notable portion of neuroactive phytochems. are lysine-derived alkaloids, but the mechanisms by which plants produce these compounds have remained largely unexplored. To better understand how plants synthesize these metabolites, we focused on biosynthesis of the Lycopodium alkaloids that are produced by club mosses, a clade of plants used traditionally as herbal medicines. Hundreds of Lycopodium alkaloids have been described, including huperzine A (HupA), an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor that has generated interest as a treatment for the symptoms of Alzheimers disease. Through combined metabolomic profiling and transcriptomics, we have identified a developmentally controlled set of biosynthetic genes, or potential regulon, for the Lycopodium alkaloids. The discovery of this putative regulon facilitated the biosynthetic reconstitution and functional characterization of six enzymes that act in the initiation and conclusion of HupA biosynthesis. This includes a type III polyketide synthase that catalyzes a crucial imine-polyketide condensation, as well as three Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD) enzymes that catalyze transformations (pyridone ring-forming desaturation, piperidine ring cleavage, and redox-neutral isomerization) within downstream HupA biosynthesis. Our results expand the diversity of known chem. transformations catalyzed by 2OGDs and provide mechanistic insight into the function of noncanonical type III PKS enzymes that generate plant alkaloid scaffolds. These data offer insight into the chem. logic of Lys-derived alkaloid biosynthesis and demonstrate the tightly coordinated coexpression of secondary metabolic genes for the biosynthesis of medicinal alkaloids.

The article 《A metabolic regulon reveals early and late acting enzymes in neuroactive Lycopodium alkaloid biosynthesis》 also mentions many details about this compound(494-52-0)Category: catalyst-ligand, you can pay attention to it or contacet with the author([email protected]) to get more information.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Wrona, Iwona E.; Garbada, Ana E.; Evano, Gwilherm; Panek, James S. published the article 《Total Synthesis of Reblastatin》. Keywords: reblastatin asym total synthesis hydrozirconation transmetalation aldehyde addition.They researched the compound: (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one( cas:32780-06-6 ).Computed Properties of C5H8O3. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:32780-06-6) here.

Enantioselective total synthesis of reblastatin is described. The synthesis highlights hydrozirconation, transmetalation, aldehyde addition sequence to install E-trisubstituted olefin and C7 stereocenter, and the first use of an intramol. Buchwald-like amidation reaction to close the 19-membered macrolactam.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Safety of (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H8O3, CAS is 32780-06-6, about Studies directed towards the asymmetric total synthesis of antileukemic lignan lactones. Synthesis of optically pure key intermediate and its utility. Author is Tomioka, Kiyoshi; Koga, Kenji.

The preparation of the β-piperonyl-γ-lactone I (RR1 = O), the key intermediate in the synthesis of lignan lactones, from the chiral γ-lactone synthon II is reported. II was converted in 60% yield in three steps to the triol III, which gave 98% of the hemiacetal I (R = H, R1 = OH) on oxidation with NaIO4. Collins oxidation of I (R = H, R1 = OH) gave 89% optically pure I (RR1 = O) which was converted into several optically pure natural lignan lactones, e.g. (-)-hinokinin (IV).

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 32780-06-6, is researched, Molecular C5H8O3, about Calculations of Cotton effects in the vacuum UV region for chiral γ-lactones: correlation with the absolute stereochemistry, the main research direction is Cotton effect lactone absolute configuration; configuration absolute lactone Cotton effect; CD lactone; ORD lactone.Application In Synthesis of (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one.

A graphic method of Drude equations was applied to calculate the Cotton effects below 180 nm region for various types of α- and/or γ-substituted γ-lactones, e.g., I (R1 = H, NH2, NH3Cl; R2 = H, OH; R3 = H, Me) and II (R = H, Br, etc.). The Cotton effects at ∼170 nm were found to reflect the stereochem. at C-2 (neg. for β and pos. for α) and C-4 (pos. for β and neg. for α) as well as the ring conformation (pos. for E3 and neg. for 3E). The rotational contributions at 589 nm were suggested to be the origin of Hudson’s lactone rule.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Synthesis of CMI-977, a Potent 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor, published in 1999-02-28, which mentions a compound: 32780-06-6, Name is (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, Molecular C5H8O3, Related Products of 32780-06-6.

5-Lipoxygenase inhibitor (-)-CMI-977 I is prepared as the (2S,5S) enantiomer in nine steps from (S)-glutamic acid, 4-fluorophenol, 3-butynol, and N,O-bis(phenoxycarbonyl)hydroxylamine, and in seven steps from (S)-(+)-hydroxymethyl-γ-butyrolactone.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI