Tag: M.W:100-200

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《A Simple and High-Throughput LC-MS-MS Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Nicotine, Cotinine, 3-OH Cotinine, Nornicotine and Anabasine in Urine and Its Application in the General Korean Population.》. Authors are Oh, Jongwon; Park, Min-Seung; Chun, Mi-Ryung; Hwang, Jung Hye; Lee, Jin-Young; Jee, Jae Hwan; Lee, Soo-Youn.The article about the compound:(S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridinecas:494-52-0,SMILESS:C1(C=NC=CC=1)[C@@H]1CCCCN1).Application In Synthesis of (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:494-52-0) is conveyed.

Measuring nicotine metabolites is the most objective method for identifying smoke exposure. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) can measure multiple metabolites and is sensitive enough to detect low concentrations of metabolites. Therefore, we developed a simple and high-throughput method for measuring nicotine, cotinine, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine (3-OH cotinine), nornicotine and anabasine for population-based studies using LC-MS-MS. Each 30 µL of urine sample was diluted with 90 µL of acetonitrile containing five deuterated internal standards. Chromatographic separation used a C18 column, and LC-MS-MS analysis was performed with a multiple reaction monitoring mode. The chromatographic run time for each sample was 6.5 min. The method was validated by evaluating selectivity, interference, limit of detection, lower limit of quantification, precision, accuracy, linearity, extraction recovery, matrix effect and carryover according to guidelines. Our methods required a short preparation time (∼20 min) while simultaneously measuring five markers for smoking status. No endogenous or exogenous interference was found. Our method showed excellent precision and accuracy: within-run coefficient of variation (CV) 2.9-9.4%, between-run CV 4.8-8.7% and bias -10.1 to 5.3%. Linear dynamic ranges were 1-10,000 ng/mL for nicotine, nornicotine and anabasine; 2-5,000 ng/mL for cotinine and 5-15,000 ng/mL for 3-OH cotinine. Extraction recovery was consistent (87-109%) across concentrations. No significant matrix effect or carryover was observed. The validated method was applied to 849 urine samples. In samples from the 125 current smokers, nicotine, cotinine, 3-OH cotinine, nornicotine and anabasine were detected in 97.6, 99.2, 98.4, 96.8 and 87.2%, respectively. No markers were detected in 93.9% of 609 nonsmokers. The overlapping detection of multiple markers made it possible to identify the smoking status even in current smokers with a low concentration of cotinine. Our LC-MS-MS method using a simple sample preparation technique is sensitive and effective for screening of smoking status in the general population.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《The phosphorylated regulator of chemotaxis is crucial throughout biofilm biogenesis in Shewanella oneidensis》. Authors are Boyeldieu, Anne; Ali Chaouche, Amine; Ba, Moly; Honore, Flora Ambre; Mejean, Vincent; Jourlin-Castelli, Cecile.The article about the compound:(S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridinecas:494-52-0,SMILESS:C1(C=NC=CC=1)[C@@H]1CCCCN1).Synthetic Route of C10H14N2. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:494-52-0) is conveyed.

Abstract: The core of the chemotaxis system of Shewanella oneidensis is made of the CheA3 kinase and the CheY3 regulator. When appropriated, CheA3 phosphorylates CheY3, which, in turn, binds to the rotor of the flagellum to modify the swimming direction. In this study, we showed that phosphorylated CheY3 (CheY3-P) also plays an essential role during biogenesis of the solid-surface-associated biofilm (SSA-biofilm). Indeed, in a ΔcheY3 strain, the formation of this biofilm is abolished. Using the phospho-mimetic CheY3D56E mutant, we showed that CheY-P is required throughout the biogenesis of the biofilm but CheY3 phosphorylation is independent of CheA3 during this process. We have recently found that CheY3 interacts with two diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and with MxdA, the c-di-GMP effector, probably triggering exopolysaccharide synthesis by the Mxd machinery. Here, we discovered two addnl. DGCs involved in SSA-biofilm development and showed that one of them interacts with CheY3. We therefore propose that CheY3-P acts together with DGCs to control SSA-biofilm formation. Interestingly, two orthologous CheY regulators complement the biofilm defect of a ΔcheY3 strain, supporting the idea that biofilm formation could involve CheY regulators in other bacteria.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Synthesis of the enantiomers of 4-substituted γ-lactones with known absolute configuration, published in 1978, which mentions a compound: 32780-06-6, mainly applied to lactone alkyl alkenyl; deer pheromone enantiomeric composition, Formula: C5H8O3.

The highly pure enantiomers of several 4-alkyl and 4-alkenyl γ-lactones of known absolute configuration were prepared from glutamic acid enantiomers. The key step was selective p-toluenesulfonate displacement rather than ring opening of the lactone p-toluenesulfonate by Li dialkyl- or dialkenylcuprate. The enantiomeric purity of γ-caprolactone thus prepared was confirmed within the limitations of Pirkle’s chiral solvating agent. The enantiomers of (Z)-6-dodecen-4-olide were used for reference to determine the enantiomeric composition of the pheromone isolated from the black-tailed deer.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Wang, Xiaoyu; Qin, Yaqiong; Nie, Cong; Guo, Junwei; Pan, Lining; Xie, Fuwei; Wang, Sheng; Wang, Bing; Zhao, Xiaodong; Wang, Baolin; Jia, Guotao researched the compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine( cas:494-52-0 ).Related Products of 494-52-0.They published the article 《Smokeless tobacco analysis: Simultaneous extraction and purification of alkaloids, volatile N-nitrosamines, and polycyclic hydrocarbons for GC-MS/MS》 about this compound( cas:494-52-0 ) in Journal of Separation Science. Keywords: smokeless tobacco alkaloid nitrosamine polycyclic hydrocarbon; Alkaloids; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Simultaneous extraction; Smokeless tobacco product; Volatile nitrosoamines. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:494-52-0).

Several smokeless tobacco products are available in the market and comprise complex chem. matrixes. Sample preparation for anal. of the multiple classes of harmful compounds in smokeless tobacco products is highly cumbersome. In this study, a simultaneous extraction scheme was developed for three toxic analyte classes in smokeless tobacco products using a two-phase solution consisting of 5% aqueous NaOH and dichloromethane in a 1:4 ratio. The dichloromethane extract was used to analyze four alkaloids directly at levels greater than ppm; however, passing the layer through a silica cartridge for further purification and concentration was necessary for determining 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and four volatile N-nitrosoamines at the ppt level. The multitargets were determined by using gas chromatog. with tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of detection for the 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, four volatile N-nitrosoamines, three minor alkaloids, and nicotine were 0.2-1.2, 0.2-0.4, 0.6-1.0, and 10.2μg/g, resp. Four different smokeless tobacco substrates were fortified with three levels of mixed standards, and the recoveries ranged between 83 and 110%. The method was highly efficient, reduced the sample amounts, solvents, and the time required by approx. 60%. The method was used to assay 18 smokeless tobacco products, and showed potentials in assaying drugs and other plant-based substrates.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Reference of (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can also be classified according to the number of heteroatoms contained in the heterocycle: single heteroatom, two heteroatoms, three heteroatoms and four heteroatoms. Compound: (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H8O3, CAS is 32780-06-6, about Identification and expression of a CHMO from the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Pa1242: application to the bioconversion of Cyrene into a key precursor (S)-γ-hydroxymethyl-butyrolactone. Author is Mouterde, Louis M. M.; Couvreur, Julien; Langlait, Maxime M. J.; Brunois, Fanny; Allais, Florent.

A sequence from the complete genome of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Pa1242 was identified to code for a potentially new cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO). The latter was discovered using the Basic Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) with the DNA sequence of the CHMO from Acinetobacter sp. NCIB 9871 as the parent sequence considering that this enzyme family maintains a relatively high query cover (>95%) and identity percentage (>50%) among many different microorganisms. This was confirmed by the bioconversion of the cellulose-based green solvent Cyrene into a key precursor (S)-γ-hydroxymethyl-butyrolactone (2H-HBO) using a new strain of E. coli BL21(DE3) containing a plasmid designed for the overexpression of the unprecedented CHMO (pLM7). Besides confirming the CHMO activity of this novel sequence, this bioconversion allows the obtention of 2H-HBO while maintaining the naturalness of the process. The optimal culture conditions were assessed through a Design of Experiments (DoE), and the control of the pH and O2 level allowed to reach a working concentration of 20 g L-1 of Cyrene with total conversion and a productivity rate of 401 ± 36 mg L-1 h-1.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Recommanded Product: 494-52-0. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, CAS is 494-52-0, about An essay on ecosystem availability of Nicotiana glauca graham alkaloids: the honeybees case study. Author is Kasiotis, Konstantinos M.; Evergetis, Epameinondas; Papachristos, Dimitrios; Vangelatou, Olympia; Antonatos, Spyridon; Milonas, Panagiotis; Haroutounian, Serkos A.; Machera, Kyriaki.

The present study is elaborating on this subject with a specific focus on the Nicotiana glauca Graham (Solanaceae) alkaloids and their occurrence and food chain penetrability in Mediterranean ecosystems. The method exhibited satisfactory recoveries, for all analytes, ranging from 75 to 93%, and acceptable repeatability and reproducibility. Four compounds (anabasine, anatabine, nornicotine, and scopoletin) were identified and quantified in 3 N. glauca flowers extracts, establishing them as potential sources of alien bio-mols. The most abundant constituent was anabasine, determined at 3900 μg/g in the methanolic extract These extracts were utilized as feeding treatments on Apis mellifera honeybees, resulting in mild toxicity documented by 16-18% mortality. A slightly increased effect was elicited by the methanolic extract containing anabasine at 20 μg/mL, where mortality approached 25%. Dead bees were screened for residues of the N. glauca flower extracts compounds and a significant mean concentration of anabasine was evidenced in both 10 and 20 μg/mL treatments, ranging from 51 to 92 ng/g per bee body weight Scopoletin was also detected in trace amounts Conclusions: The mild toxicity of the extracts in conjunction with the alkaloid and coumarin residual detection in bees, suggest that these alien bio-mols. are transferred within the food chain, suggesting a chem. invasion phenomenon, never reported before.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Related Products of 149554-29-0. The mechanism of aromatic electrophilic substitution of aromatic heterocycles is consistent with that of benzene. Compound: 6-(Piperazin-1-yl)nicotinonitrile, is researched, Molecular C10H12N4, CAS is 149554-29-0, about 1-Amino-4-benzylphthalazines as Orally Bioavailable Smoothened Antagonists with Antitumor Activity. Author is Miller-Moslin, Karen; Peukert, Stefan; Jain, Rishi K.; McEwan, Michael A.; Karki, Rajesh; Llamas, Luis; Yusuff, Naeem; He, Feng; Li, Yanhong; Sun, Yingchuan; Dai, Miao; Perez, Lawrence; Michael, Walter; Sheng, Tao; Lei, Huangshu; Zhang, Rui; Williams, Juliet; Bourret, Aaron; Ramamurthy, Arun; Yuan, Jing; Guo, Ribo; Matsumoto, Melissa; Vattay, Anthony; Maniara, Wieslawa; Amaral, Adam; Dorsch, Marion; Kelleher, Joseph F. III.

Abnormal activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been linked to several types of human cancers, and the development of small-mol. inhibitors of this pathway represents a promising route toward novel anticancer therapeutics. A cell-based screen performed in our laboratories identified a new class of Hh pathway inhibitors, 1-amino-4-benzylphthalazines, e.g. I, that act via antagonism of the Smoothened receptor. A variety of analogs were synthesized and their structure-activity relationships determined This optimization resulted in the discovery of high affinity Smoothened antagonists, one of which was further profiled in vivo. This compound displayed a good pharmacokinetic profile and also afforded tumor regression in a genetic mouse model of medulloblastoma.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Name: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, CAS is 494-52-0, about A rapid LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of nicotine and its key derivatives including hydroxylation isomers. Author is Shen, Yixiao; Zhang, Ning; Prinyawiwatkul, Witoon; Xu, Zhimin.

A rapid high pressure liquid chromatog. coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) was developed for simultaneously determining nicotine (NT) and its derivatives including cotinine (CT), trans-3-hydroxycotinine (HC), nornicotine (NNT), anatabine (AT), anabasine (AB) and amino ketone (4-(methylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)1-butanone) (AK) as well as two important metabolites isomers 2-hydroxynicotine (2-HN) and 6-hydroxynicotine (6-HN) in tobacco leaves. Different from other methods, 2-HN and 6-HN isomers can be successfully separated and quantified through a combination of amide and C18 columns and optimized multiple reaction monitoring mode of tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of detections (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of these compounds were 0.02 and 0.06 ng/mL for CT and HC, 0.05 and 0.15 ng/mL for AK and 6-HN, and 0.1 and 0.3 ng/mL for AB, NNT, AT, 2-HN and NT, resp. Their recoveries ranged from 86.1% for 2-HN to 102.2% for AK by using solvent extraction assisted with ultrasonication. The developed method was validated through determination of the compounds in different regular and genetically modified (for lowering nicotine) tobacco leaves. Conclusively, it is a robust and rapid method for simultaneous quantification of nicotine and its derivatives in tobacco products. The protocol of the method could also be applied in developing anal. method for tracking the toxic substances synthesis and metabolism in tobacco leaves or other herbal plants.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Journal of Chemical Ecology called Bioactivity, synthesis, and chirality of the sex pheromone of currant stem girdler, Janus integer, Author is James, David G.; Petroski, Richard J.; Cosse, Allard A.; Zilkowski, Bruce W.; Bartelt, Robert J., which mentions a compound: 32780-06-6, SMILESS is O=C1O[C@H](CO)CC1, Molecular C5H8O3, Recommanded Product: 32780-06-6.

It was previously reported that females of the currant stem girdler, Janus integer Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), produce a compound, (Z)-9-octadecen-4-olide (I), that is sensitively detected by the antennae of males only. These characteristics suggested a pheromonal function, and this has now been confirmed with behavioral tests. Field tests conducted during two seasons in a com. red currant field showed that synthetic racemic I is attractive to male J. integer under natural conditions. A clear dose-response was evident, with greatest numbers of girdlers caught in sticky traps baited with 10 mg of the pheromone (in rubber septa) and least in traps baited with 1 mg or less. During May 2002, 10, 5, 3, and 1 mg baited traps caught means of 41.4, 26.6, 6.7, and 2.7 males/trap/visit (3-5 day intervals), resp., with a maximum of 229 males caught in a single trap baited with 5 mg. A new synthetic method for racemic I is presented. The absolute configuration of natural I from the male sawflies was determined to be (R). The potential for using the sex pheromone of J. integer to improve management of this currant and gooseberry pest is discussed.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Abdel-Kader, Maged S.; Al-Taweel, Areej M.; El-Deeb, Kadriya S. published an article about the compound: (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one( cas:32780-06-6,SMILESS:O=C1O[C@H](CO)CC1 ).Synthetic Route of C5H8O3. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:32780-06-6) through the article.

Bioactivity guided phytochem. study of the petroleum ether and butanol extracts of Clematis hirsuta resulted in the isolation of 12 compounds Rat paw edema as a model of acute inflammation was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts and the chromatog. fractions. Five known sterols and triterpenes namely: β-amyrin (1), lupeol (2), β-sitosterol (3), oleanolic acid (4) and stigmasterol glycoside (5) were isolated from the petroleum ether extract The n-butanol extract afforded two compounds reported for the first time from natural source: (S)-(+)-dihydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone (7) and (S)-(-)-5-hydroxymethyl-2(5H)-furanone (8). In addition, anemonin (6), dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2(3H)-furanone (2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone) (9), biophenol (cimidahurin) (10), glucose (11) and sucrose (12) were also identified. The structures were determined from spectroscopic data including 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments

From this literature《Bioactivity guided phytochemical study of Clematis hirsuta Growing in Saudi Arabia》,we know some information about this compound(32780-06-6)Synthetic Route of C5H8O3, but this is not all information, there are many literatures related to this compound(32780-06-6).

Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI