Catalyst ligands

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Optimization of Cationic Nanogel PEGylation to Achieve Mammalian Cytocompatibility with Limited Loss of Gram-Negative Bactericidal Activity

Tuning the composition of antimicrobial nanogels can significantly alter both nanogel cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity. This project investigated the extent to which PEGylation of cationic, hydrophobic nanogels altered their cytotoxicity and bactericidal activity. These biodegradable, cationic nanogels were synthesized by activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) emulsion polymerization with up to 13.9 wt % PEG (MW = 2000) MA, as verified by 1H NMR. Nanogel bactericidal activity was assessed against Gram-negative E. coli and P. aeruginosa and Gram-positive S. mutans and S. aureus by measuring membrane lysis with a LIVE/DEAD assay. E. coli and S. mutans viability was further validated by measuring metabolic activity with a PrestoBlue assay and imaging bacteria stained with a LIVE/DEAD probe. All tested nanogels decreased the membrane integrity (0.5 mg/mL dose) for Gram-negative E. coli and P. aeruginosa, irrespective of the extent of PEGylation. PEGylation (13.9 wt %) increased the cytocompatibility of cationic nanogels toward RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and L929 murine fibroblasts by over 100-fold, relative to control nanogels. PEGylation (42.8 wt %) reduced nanogel uptake by 43% for macrophages and 63% for fibroblasts. Therefore, PEGylation reduced nanogel toxicity to mammalian cells without significantly compromising their bactericidal activity. These results facilitate future nanogel design for perturbing the growth of Gram-negative bacteria.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Related Products of 1120-02-1, In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants. At least one of the reactants interacts with the solid surface in a physical process called adsorption in such a way. 1120-02-1, name is OctMAB. In an article£¬Which mentioned a new discovery about 1120-02-1

Mixed Micellization of Cationic/Anionic Surfactants: Role of Matching Water Affinities between Oppositely Charged Headgroups and That between Oppositely Charged Constituent Counterions

To explore the role of matching water affinities between the oppositely charged headgroups, the micellization of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTA+Br-)/sodium dodecanoate (Na+L-) mixed system and the CTA+Br-/sodium dodecylsulfonate (Na+AS-) mixed system has been investigated by the surface tension method and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. In comparison with the CTA+Br-/Na+L- system, the CTA+Br-/Na+AS- system shows stronger micelle formation ability, smaller critical micelle concentration (cmc), and stronger synergistic effect arising from the higher degree of matching water affinities between the headgroups CTA+ and AS-. To explore the role of matching water affinities between the oppositely charged constituent counterions, the micellization of CTA+X-/Y+L- mixed systems with various counterions has been investigated. The higher degree of matching water affinities between counterions X- and Y+ and the higher degree of mismatching water affinities between headgroups and counterions are unfavorable to the screening effect of counterions on the electrostatic attraction between headgroups CTA+ and L-, leading to stronger micelle formation ability and smaller cmc and vice versa. MD simulation results also indicate that, for the mixed micellization of cationic/anionic surfactants, the role of matching water affinities between oppositely charged headgroups is more important than that between oppositely charged constituent counterions.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Chemistry is an experimental science, Safety of Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 16858-01-8, Name is Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine

Crystal structure of a seven-coordinate manganese(II) complex with tris-(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)amine (TMPA)

Structural analysis of (acetato-kappa2 O,O?)(methanol-kappaO)[tris-(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)amine-kappa 4 N,N?,N??,N???]manganese(II) tetraphenyl-borate, [Mn(C2 H3 O2)(C18 H18 N4)(CH3 OH)](C24 H20 B) or [Mn(TMPA)(Ac)(CH3 OH)]BPh4 [TMPA = tris-(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)amine, Ac = acetate, BPh 4 = tetra-phenyl-borate] by single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals a complex cation with tetra-dentate coordination of the tripodal TMPA ligand, bidentate coordination of the Ac ligand and monodentate coordination of the methanol ligand to a single Mn II center, balanced in charge by the presence of a tetra-phenyl-borate anion. The Mn II complex has a distorted penta-gonal-bipyramidal geometry, in which the central amine nitro-gen and two pyridyl N atoms of the TMPA ligand, and two oxygen atoms of the acetate ligand occupy positions in the penta-gonal plane, while the third pyridyl nitro-gen of TMPA and the oxygen from the methanol ligand occupy the axial positions. Within the complex, the acetate O atoms participate in weak C – H … O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions with neighboring pyridyl moieties. In the crystal, complexes form dimers by pairs of O – H … O hydrogen bonds between the coordinated methanol of one complex and an acetate oxygen of the other, and weak pi-stacking inter-actions between pyridine rings. Separate dimers then undergo additional pi-stacking inter-actions between the pyridine rings of one moiety and either the pyridine or phenyl rings of another moiety that further stabilize the crystal.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Synthetic Route of 137076-54-1, Because a catalyst decreases the height of the energy barrier, its presence increases the reaction rates of both the forward and the reverse reactions by the same amount.137076-54-1, Name is 2-(4,7,10-Tris(2-(tert-butoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)acetic acid, molecular formula is C28H52N4O8. In a article£¬once mentioned of 137076-54-1

Active-Site Targeting Paramagnetic Probe for Matrix Metalloproteinases

The design and synthesis of the Ln3+ complexes of a DOTA-containing (DOTA=1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases are reported. The tight binding of the sulfonamide scaffold to the catalytic domain of the investigated matrix metalloproteinase is not impaired by the presence of the Ln3+-DOTA moiety. The paramagnetic properties of the Ln3+ complex are exploited to obtain insights into the structural features of the ligand?protein interactions and to evaluate the influence of the linker length on the quality of the paramagnetic restraints.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Application of 1245-13-2, The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.1245-13-2, Name is [2,2′-Biquinoline]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, molecular formula is C20H12N2O4. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 1245-13-2

Identification of some novel AHAS inhibitors via molecular docking and virtual screening approach

Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS; EC 2.2.1.6) catalyzes the first common step in branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. This enzyme is an important target for the design of environmental-benign herbicides. Based on the crystal structure of AHAS/sulfonylurea complex, we have carried out computational screening of the ACD-3D database in order to look for novel non-sulfonylurea inhibitors of AHAS for the first time. Three novel compounds were found to inhibit plant AHAS in vitro among 14 procured compounds. One compound showed promising activity in vivo for rape root growth inhibition bioassay. This research provided useful clues for further design and discovery of AHAS inhibitors.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Chemistry is an experimental science, Recommanded Product: 4730-54-5, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 4730-54-5, Name is 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane

Antifilarial activity in vitro and in vivo of some flavonoids tested against Brugia malayi

We evaluated the antifilarial activity of 6 flavonoids against the human lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia malayi using an in vitro motility assay with adult worms and microfilariae, a biochemical test for viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-reduction assay), and two animal models, Meriones unguiculatus (implanted adult worms) and Mastomys coucha (natural infections). In vitro, naringenin and hesperetin killed the adult worms and inhibited (>60%) MTT-reduction at 7.8 and 31.2mug/ml concentration, respectively. Microfilariae (mf) were killed at 250-500mug/ml. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of naringenin for motility of adult females was 2.5mug/ml. Flavone immobilized female adult worms at 31.2mug/ml (MTT>80%) and microfilariae at 62.5mug/ml. Rutin killed microfilariae at 125mug/ml and inhibited MTT-reduction in female worms for >65% at 500mug/ml. Naringin had adulticidal effects at 125mug/ml while chrysin killed microfilariae at 250mug/ml. In vivo, 50mg/kg of naringenin elimiated 73% of transplanted adult worms in the Meriones model, but had no effect on the microfilariae in their peritoneal cavity. In Mastomys, the same drug was less effective, killing only 31% of the naturally acquired adult worms, but 51%, when the dose was doubled. Still, effects on the microfilariae in the blood were hardly detectable, even at the highest dose. In summary, all 6 flavonoids showed antifilarial activity in vitro, which can be classed, in a decreasing order: naringenin>flavone=hesperetin>rutin>naringin>chrysin. In jirds, naringenin and flavone killed or sterilized adult worms at 50mg/kg dose, but in Mastomys, where the parasite produces a patent infection, only naringenin was filaricidal. Thus naringenin and flavone may provide a lead for design and development of new antifilarial agent(s). This is the first report on antifilarial efficacy of flavonoids.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Synthetic Route of 92149-07-0, Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 92149-07-0, Name is 4,7-Dimethoxy-1,10-phenanthroline, molecular formula is C14H12N2O2. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 92149-07-0

Iron-Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of o-Nitrostyrenes Using Phenylsilane as the Terminal Reductant

Using microscale high-throughput experimentation, an efficient, earth-abundant iron phenanthroline complex was discovered to catalyze the reductive cyclization of ortho-nitrostyrenes into indoles via nitrosoarene reactive intermediates. This method requires only 1 mol % of Fe(OAc)2 and 1 mol % of 4,7-(MeO)2phen and uses phenylsilane as a convenient terminal reductant. The scope and limitations of the method were illustrated with 21 examples, and an investigation into the kinetics of the reaction revealed first-order behavior in catalyst and silane and zero-order behavior with respect to nitrostyrene.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Application of 149817-62-9, The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.149817-62-9, Name is 4′-Bromo-2,2′:6′,2”-terpyridine, molecular formula is C15H10BrN3. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 149817-62-9

Synthesis of vinyl-substituted polypyridyl ligands through suzuki-miyaura cross-coupling of potassium vinyltrifluoroborate with bromopolypyridines

Suzuki-Miyauru cross-coupling of bromopolypyridines with potassium vinyltrifluoroborate affords vinyl-substituted polypyridyl ligands in moderate to good yields. This reaction allows simple and practical syntheses of numerous vinyl-substituted polypyridines, such as 4?-vinyl-2,2?:6?, 2?-terpyridine, 5,5?-divinyl-2,2?-bipyridine, and 4,4?-divinyl-2,2?-bipyridine. In addition, a new ruthenium complex, [Ru(5,5?-divinyl-2,2?-bipyridine)3]2+, was synthesized and found to undergo reductive electropolymerization smoothly.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Chemistry is an experimental science, Safety of Titanocenedichloride, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 1271-19-8, Name is Titanocenedichloride

Monoterpenoid Synthesis by Transition Metal Catalyzed Coupling of Enediylmagnesium with C5-Organic Halides

A series of isoprene coupling dimers bonded at 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 2-4, 3-4, or 4-4 position was prepared by regiocontrolled catalysis of transition metals or without catalysts in the reaction of 2-methyl-2-butene-1,4-diylmagnesium or 3-methyl-2-butenylmagnesium chloride with C5-alkenyl halides.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Catalysts function by providing an alternate reaction mechanism that has a lower activation energy than would be found in the absence of the catalyst. In some cases, the catalyzed mechanism may include additional steps.In a article, 52093-25-1, molcular formula is C3EuF9O9S3, introducing its new discovery. Product Details of 52093-25-1

Hydrophilic 2,9-bis-triazolyl-1,10-phenanthroline ligands enable selective Am(III) separation: A step further towards sustainable nuclear energy

The first hydrophilic, 1,10-phenanthroline derived ligands consisting of only C, H, O and N atoms for the selective extraction of Am(iii) from spent nuclear fuel are reported herein. One of these 2,9-bis-triazolyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BTrzPhen) ligands combined with a non-selective extracting agent, was found to exhibit process-suitable selectivity for Am(iii) over Eu(iii) and Cm(iii), providing a clear step forward.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI