Catalyst ligands

COA of Formula: C10H14N2. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, CAS is 494-52-0, about Comparison of cigarette, little cigar, and waterpipe tobacco smoke condensate and e-cigarette aerosol condensate in a self-administration model. Author is Marusich, Julie A.; Wiley, Jenny L.; Silinski, Melanie A. R.; Thomas, Brian F.; Meredith, Steven E.; Gahl, Robert F.; Jackson, Kia J..

This study evaluated the reinforcing effects of aqueous solutions of smoke/aerosol condensate from cigarettes, little cigars, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), and waterpipe tobacco in a self-administration procedure to determine if abuse liability of these tobacco products differed. Following nicotine dose-effect assessment (1, 7.5, 15, and 30μg/kg/infusion), rats were given access to smoke/aerosol condensate derived from their assigned tobacco product. Rats responded for smoke/aerosol condensate containing 1, 7.5, 15, and 30μg/kg/infusion nicotine, with the ratio of nicotine:non-nicotine constituents held constant across doses for each tobacco product. Responding for nicotine or smoke/aerosol condensate was also assessed on a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Cigarette, little cigar, and e-cigarette smoke/aerosol condensates shifted the nicotine dose-effect curve leftward, whereas waterpipe tobacco smoke condensate shifted the dose-effect curve rightward. Smoke/aerosol condensate from all tobacco products produced similar levels of responding compared to nicotine alone during the progressive ratio phase. Results suggest that non-nicotine constituents in cigarettes, little cigars, and e-cigarettes differentially enhance nicotine’s reinforcing potency. In contrast, waterpipe tobacco blunted nicotine’s reinforcing potency, suggesting that it may contain unique constituents that dampen nicotine’s reinforcing effects.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Reference of (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, CAS is 494-52-0, about Long-term trends in tobacco use assessed by wastewater-based epidemiology and its relationship with consumption of nicotine containing products. Author is Zheng, Qiuda; Gartner, Coral; Tscharke, Benjamin J.; O’Brien, Jake W.; Gao, Jianfa; Ahmed, Fahad; Thomas, Kevin V.; Mueller, Jochen F.; Thai, Phong K..

Measurement of population tobacco use via wastewater-based epidemiol. (WBE) provides objective data to evaluate the efficacy of tobacco control strategies. However, current WBE tobacco-use estimates based on nicotine metabolites (cotinine and hydroxycotinine) can be masked by use of non-tobacco nicotine-containing products. To better understand nicotine and tobacco use, we analyzed tobacco-specific biomarkers, anabasine and anatabine, as well as nicotine metabolites, cotinine and hydroxycotinine, in wastewater samples collected for 6 wk per yr over 6 years (2012-2017) from an Australian wastewater treatment plant serving approx. 100,000 people. Significant annual declines were observed for anabasine, anatabine, cotinine and hydroxycotinine of -3.0%, -2.7%, -2.4%, and -2.1%, resp. The results corresponded with the annual declining trends reported from surveys (-5%) and taxation statistics (-4%). Significant annual decreases in the ratios of anabasine to cotinine (-1.2%) and anatabine to cotinine (-1.0%) suggested a relative increase in the use of non-tobacco nicotine products at the same time that tobacco use was declining. Monitoring tobacco use with anabasine and anatabine removed influence from nicotine-containing products, showing larger reductions in this Australian city than via nicotine biomarkers, while also demonstrating their suitability for monitoring long-term trends.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Synthetic Route of C11H21BrO2. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 11-Bromoundecanoic acid, is researched, Molecular C11H21BrO2, CAS is 2834-05-1, about Redox Control of Particle Deposition from Drying Drops. Author is Galy, Pauline E.; Guitton-Spassky, Tiffany; Sella, Catherine; Thouin, Laurent; Vitale, Maxime R.; Baigl, Damien.

The coffee-ring effect (CRE), which denotes the accumulation of nonvolatile compounds at the periphery of a pinned sessile drying drop, is a universal and ubiquitous yet complex phenomenon. It is crucial to better understand and control it, either to avoid its various deleterious consequences in many processes requiring homogeneous deposition or to exploit it for applications ranging from controlled particle patterning to low cost diagnostics. Here, we report for the first time the use of a reduction-oxidation (redox) stimulus to cancel the CRE or harness it, leading to a robust and tunable control of particle deposition in drying sessile drops. This is achieved by implementing redox-sensitive ferrocenyl cationic surfactants of different chain lengths in drying drops containing anionic colloids. Varying surfactant hydrophobicity, concentration, and redox state allows us not only to control the overall distribution of deposited particles, including the possibility to fully cancel the CRE, but also to modify the microscopic organization of particles inside the deposit. Notably, with all other parameters being fixed, this method allows the adjustment of the deposited particle patterns, from polycrystalline rings to uniform disks, as a function of the oxidation rate. We show that the redox control can be achieved either chem. by the addition of oxidants or electrochem. by applying a potential for additive-free and reversible actuation in a closed system. This correlation between the redox state and the particle pattern opens a perspective for both redox-programmable particle patterning and original diagnostic applications based on the visual determination of a redox state. It also contributes to clarify the role of surfactant charge and its amphiphilic character in directing particle deposition from drying suspensions.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 3393-45-1, is researched, Molecular C5H6O2, about Visible-light-driven radical 1,3-addition of selenosulfonates to vinyldiazo compounds, the main research direction is selenosulfonate alkenyl diazoacetate regioselective diastereoselective selenosulfonylation green chem; seleno allylic sulfone green preparation.Synthetic Route of C5H6O2.

Herein, the authors report a visible light-driven radical 1,3-selenosulfonylation of vinyldiazo compounds with selenosulfonates, providing various γ-seleno allylic sulfones in good yields. This photochem. reaction was carried out at room temperature in an open flask using Et acetate as the solvent without any photocatalysts or additives. The control experiments corroborated that the 1,3-addition proceeded via a radical-chain propagation process. The synthetic applications of the resulting products were demonstrated by deselenization, reduction, bromination and allylation.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Safety of 11-Bromoundecanoic acid. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 11-Bromoundecanoic acid, is researched, Molecular C11H21BrO2, CAS is 2834-05-1, about Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed C2-Selective Decarbonylative C-H Alkylation of Indoles with Alkyl Carboxylic Acids and Anhydrides. Author is Yu, Haiyang; Zhao, Haoqiang; Xu, Xin; Zhang, Xin; Yu, Zexin; Li, Lingchao; Wang, Peng; Shi, Qian; Xu, Lijin.

A Rh(I)-catalyzed chelation-assisted C2-selective C-H decarbonylative alkylation of indoles with readily available, cheap, safe and structurally diverse alkyl carboxylic acids or anhydrides has been developed. A wide variety of primary and secondary alkyl carboxylic acids and differently substituted indoles are compatible with this transformation, allowing facile synthesis of various C2-alkylated indoles with high efficiency and broad tolerance of diverse functional groups. The reaction proceeds in the absence of any external oxidant, and the presence of readily installable and removable N-pyrimidyl directing group is critical for catalysis. The process is convenient and scalable, and avoids the use of a dried solvent and an inert atm. Moreover, selective C7-alkylation and C2, C7-dialkylation have also been achieved by slightly modifying the reaction conditions.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, CAS is 494-52-0, about Automated Solid Phase Extraction and Polarity-Switching Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique for High Throughput Analysis of Urine Biomarkers for 14 Tobacco-related Compounds.Safety of (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine.

Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of premature disease and death in the United States. Approx., 34 million U.S. adults currently smoke cigarettes. We developed a method for automated sample preparation and liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry quantitation of 14 tobacco-related analytes: nicotine (NICF), cotinine (COTF), trans-3′-hydroxycotinine (HCTF), menthol glucuronide (MEG), anabasine (ANBF), anatabine (ANTF), isonicoteine (ISNT), myosmine (MYOS), beta-nicotyrine (BNTR), bupropion (BUPR), cytisine (CYTI), varenicline (VARE), arecaidine (ARD), and arecoline (ARL). The method includes automated solid-phase extraction using customized pos.-pressure functions. The preparation scheme has the capacity to process a batch of 96 samples within 4 h with greater than 88% recovery for all analytes. The 14 analytes, separated within 4.15 min using reversed-phase liquid chromatog., were determined using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer with atm.-pressure chem. ionization and multiple reaction monitoring in neg. and pos. ionization modes. Wide quantitation ranges, within 1.2-72,000 ng/mL, were established especially for COTF, HCTF, MEG, and NICF to quantify the broad range of biomarker concentrations found in the U.S. population. The method accuracy is above 90% while the overall imprecision is below 7%. Finally, we tested urine samples from 90 smokers and observed detection rates of over 98% for six analytes with urinary HCTF and MEG concentrations ranging from 200-14,100 and 60-57,100 ng/mL, resp. This high throughput anal. process can prepare and analyze a sample in 9 min and along with the 14-compound analyte panel can be useful for tobacco-exposure studies, in smoking-cessation programs, and for detecting changes in exposure related to tobacco products and their use.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Computed Properties of C10H14N2. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: (S)-3-(Piperidin-2-yl)pyridine, is researched, Molecular C10H14N2, CAS is 494-52-0, about Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous detection of nine alkaloids in tobacco and tobacco products by QuEChERS sample preparation. Author is Li, Xintong; Liu, Fang; Wang, Huifang; He, Fan; Yang, Rui; Zhao, Mingqin.

One method based on QuEChERS sample preparation is presented in this study, which leads to simultaneously detect nine alkaloids in tobacco and tobacco products. Nicotine, nomicotine, myosmine, N-Me anabasine, β-nicotyrine, anabasine, anatabine, isonicotenine and cotinine can all be found in fresh tobacco leaves, cigars, Virginia-type and blended-type cigarettes. The samples were purified via a certain proportion of adsorbents consisting of anhydrous magnesium sulfate, PSA and carbon after extracting, then centrifuged and filtered before analyzing by GC-MS. The matrix effects were all among 88 – 105%. The limit of detection of all were within the range of 0.0065 – 0.1509 μg/g and limit of quantification were among 0.0217 – 0.5031 μg/g. The recovery rates were higher than 89%. This is the first time that the QuEChERS sample preparation method has been applied for tobacco alkaloids, where more varieties of alkaloids could be quantified regarding sensitivity and reproducibility.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 4-(p-Tolyl)-2,2:6,2-terpyridine, is researched, Molecular C22H17N3, CAS is 89972-77-0, about New starburst metallodendrimers based on octa(diphenylphosphino)-functionalized silsesquioxane cores.Reference of 4-(p-Tolyl)-2,2:6,2-terpyridine.

Surface-modified starburst dendrimers were prepared by reaction of terpyridine-functionalized polyether monodendrons with an oligomeric polyhedral silsesquioxane (POSS) core. Subsequent reaction of these starburst dendrimers with ruthenium (II)-based precursors affords starburst metallodendrimers. These new dendrimers were characterized using a combination of mass spectral (MALDI-TOF, ESI, and FAB/MS) and NMR (1H, 13C, and 31P{1H}) analyses. Other characterization methods include photophys. (absorption, emission, excited-state lifetime, and quantum yield) and electrochem. (cyclic and square wave voltammetric) analyses. Photophys. data indicate that there is no intramol. excited-state quenching even in the generation 3 metallodendrimer, which possesses 32 ruthenium (II) centers. Electrochem. studies reveal the presence of charge trapping effects, as well as ligand-centered and metal-centered redox couples.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

COA of Formula: C5H8O3. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: (S)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, is researched, Molecular C5H8O3, CAS is 32780-06-6, about Chirospecific synthesis of (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-5-amino-4-hydroxypentanoic acid from L- and D-glutamic acid via (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-5-hydroxy-2-oxopiperidine. Author is Herdeis, C..

(S)-H2NCH2CH(OH)CH2CH2CO2H [(S)-I] was prepared stereospecifically from L-glutamic acid in 6 steps. Thus, L-glutamic acid was converted to lactone II (R = CO2H), which was reduced by H3B.S(Me)2 to give II (R = CH2OH), which was O-mesylated and then treated with NaN3 to give II (R = CH2N3). The latter was hydrogenated over Pd/C to give piperidine III, which was cleaved by aqueous Ba(OH)2 to give (S)-I. (R)-I was prepared analogously from D-glutamic acid.

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Reference:
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI