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TRANSFORMATIONS OF MESO-LACTIDE

B/N Lewis pairs have been discovered to catalyze rapid epimerization of meso-lactide (LA) or LA diastereomers quantitatively into rac-LA. The obtained rac-LA can be kinetically polymerized into poly(L-lactide) and optically resolved D-LA, with a high stereoselectivity factor kL/kD of 53 and an ee value of 91% at 50.6% monomer conversion, by a bifunctional chiral catalyst. The epimerization and enantioselective polymerization can be coupled into a one-pot process for transforming meso-LA directly into poly(L-lactide) and D-LA.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Archives for Chemistry Experiments of (R)-[1,1′-Binaphthalene]-2,2′-diamine

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Optical activity in the biaryl series

The relationship between the CD spectra of the chiral biaryls and their stereochemical configuration, as a function of the dihedral angle between the molecular planes of the aromatic moieties, has been investigated for biphenyl, 1,1?-binaphthyl, 1,1?-bianthryl and 9,9?-bianthryl in the exciton approximation and, for the 1,1?-binaphthyls, in the pi-SCF approximation. Both methods provide unambiguous assignments of absolute configuration except for biaryls with a critical dihedral angle of pi/2 in those with effective Ddata2 chromophoric symmetry, or 100-110 in the case of the 1,1?-binaphthyls.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Archives for Chemistry Experiments of (R)-[1,1′-Binaphthalene]-2,2′-diamine

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Optical activity in the biaryl series

The relationship between the CD spectra of the chiral biaryls and their stereochemical configuration, as a function of the dihedral angle between the molecular planes of the aromatic moieties, has been investigated for biphenyl, 1,1?-binaphthyl, 1,1?-bianthryl and 9,9?-bianthryl in the exciton approximation and, for the 1,1?-binaphthyls, in the pi-SCF approximation. Both methods provide unambiguous assignments of absolute configuration except for biaryls with a critical dihedral angle of pi/2 in those with effective Ddata2 chromophoric symmetry, or 100-110 in the case of the 1,1?-binaphthyls.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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A novel bis-thiourea organocatalyst for the asymmetric aza-Henry reaction

A novel bis-thiourea/2,2?-diaminobinaphthalene (BINAM)-based catalyst for the asymmetric aza-Henry reaction has been developed. This catalyst promotes the reaction of N-Boc imines with nitroalkanes to afford beta-nitroamines with good yields and high enantioselectivities. This catalyst has the advantage that it can be prepared in a single step from commercially available materials. A model is proposed for the catalyst action where both components of the reaction are activated simultaneously by hydrogen bonding. Regardless of the mechanism, the success of the present catalyst demonstrates the potential of bis-thioureas as an interesting class of relatively unexplored catalysts.

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Enantioselective hydrogenation of aromatic ketones catalyzed by Ru complexes of Goodwin-Lions-type sp2N/sp3N hybrid ligands R-BINAN-R?-Py

Goodwin-Lions-type sp2N/sp3N hybrid ligands R-BINAN-R?-Py possessing a C2 axis binaphthyl skeleton have been designed and synthesized. Combination of the new non-phosphine ligand with Ru(pi-CH2C(CH3)CH2)2(cod) has been revealed to catalyze the hydrogenation of aromatic ketones with high enantioselectivity of up to 99% ee. The reaction proceeds essentially without the need for any bases, but the reactivity is enhanced by the addition of KOt-C4H9 attaining an S/C ratio of up to 10000. The success should expand the range of possibilities in designing catalysts not only for hydrogenation but also for many other reactions. Copyright

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

Can You Really Do Chemisty Experiments About (R)-[1,1′-Binaphthalene]-2,2′-diamine

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Solution-phase synthesis and evaluation of tetraproline chiral stationary phases

A protocol was developed for the solution-phase synthesis of multigram amounts of two 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected tetraproline peptides. These tetraproline peptides were then attached to amino derivatized silica gel. The replacement of the Fmoc group with the trimethylacetyl group lead to two tetraproline chiral stationary phases (CSPs). A comparison of the chromatographic behavior of these two solution-phase-synthesized tetraproline CSPs with that prepared by stepwise solid-phase synthesis revealed that all three had similar chromatographic performance for resolving 53 model analytes. This suggests that the solution-phase synthesis of oligoprolines, which allows for the specific benefits of good batch reproducibility, selector homogeneity, and possibly low cost, is a feasible alternative to the solid-phase synthesis of oligoproline CSPs. Copyright

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about is helpful to your research. Formula: C20H16N2

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Temperature dependent chiroptical response of sigmoidal gold clusters: Probing the stability of chiral metal clusters

The stability of chiral metal clusters is of great importance for their practical applications. Herein we select three structurally well-defined gold cluster compounds to probe how structural factors influence the stability of chiral metal clusters upon heating. Through monitoring the variation of CD, UV-vis and NMR spectra at elevated temperatures, the biased chiroptical response of three sigmoidal Au6 clusters is finally ascribed to the synergistic effect of the distinct structural tunability of central diamino ligands, inter-cluster aurophilic interactions and steric hindrance. The rigid skeleton of chiral ligands and the strong metal-metal interaction effectively enhance the stability of asymmetric structural motifs in chiral metal clusters. In addition, some central diamino ligands lead to a destructive decomposition of corresponding chiral clusters in the heating process due to the reduction of Au(i) to Au(0). The relationship between structural characteristics and the stability of chiral clusters addressed in this study will facilitate our understanding on how to achieve stable chiral metal clusters and potentiate their practical applications.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Chiral cobalt-catalyzed enantiomer-differentiating oxidation of racemic benzoins by using molecular oxygen as stoichiometric oxidant

A study was conducted to demonstrate chiral cobalt-catalyzed enantiomer-differentiating oxidation of racemic benzoins using molecular oxygen as stoichiometric oxidant. The cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric oxidation was performed with racemic benzoins due to their importance in pharmaceutical industry and difficulty in synthesizing them in enantiomerically pure form. The investigation was conducted with (¡À)-4-methoxy benzoin as model substrate for oxidative kinetic resolution. The oxidation took 7 d for 44% conversion and provided 41% of 4-methoxy benzil when (¡À)-4-methoxy benzoin was reacted with 5 mol% of TEMPO and 5 mol% of enantiopure (L)-proline-Co(OAc)2 complex in the presence of molecular oxygen at room temperature. It was observed that 52% of 4-methoxy benzoin was recovered with 4% enantiomeric excess and selectivity in the asymmetric oxidation reaction.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
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Synthesis and catalytic activity of group 5 metal amides with chiral biaryldiamine-based ligands

A new series of group 5 metal amides have been prepared from the reaction between V(NMe2)4 or M(NMe2)5 (M = Nb, Ta) and chiral ligands, (R)-2,2?-bis(mesitoylamino)-1,1?- binaphthyl (1H2), (R)-5,5?,6,6?,7,7?,8,8?- octahydro-2,2?-bis(mesitoylamino)-1,1?-binaphthyl (2H2), (R)-6,6?-dimethyl-2,2?-bis(mesitoylamino)-1,1?-biphenyl (3H2), (R)-2,2?-bis(mesitylenesulfonylamino)-6,6?- dimethyl-1,1?-biphenyl (4H2), (R)-2,2?- bis(diphenylthiophosphoramino)-1,1?-binaphthyl (5H2), (R)-2,2?-bis[(3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]-6, 6?-dimethyl-1,1?-biphenyl (6H2), (R)-2,2?-bis[(3,5- di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]-6,6?-dimethyl-1, 1?-biphenyl (7H2), (R)-2,2?-bis[(3-tert-butyl-2- hydroxybenzylidene)amino]-1,1?-binaphthyl (8H2), (S)-2-(mesitoylamino)-2?-(dimethylamino)-1,1?-binaphthyl (9H), and (R)-2-(mesitoylamino)-2?-(dimethylamino)-6,6?-dimethyl-1, 1?-biphenyl (10H), which are derived from (R) or (S)-2,2?-diamino-1, 1?-binaphthyl, and (R)-2,2?-diamino-6,6?-dimethyl-1,1?- biphenyl, respectively. Treatment of V(NMe2)4 or M(NMe2)5 (M = Nb, Ta) with 1 equiv of C 2-symmetric amidate ligands 1H2, 2H2, 3H 2, 4H2, and 5H2, or Schiff base ligands 6H 2, 7H2 and 8H2 at room temperature gives, after recrystallization from a benzene, toluene or n-hexane solution, the vanadium amides (1)V(NMe2)2 (11), (2)V(NMe2)2 (14), (3)V(NMe2)2 (17), (5)V(NMe2)2 (22), (6)V(NMe2)2 (23) and (7)V(NMe2) 2 (24), and niobium amides (1)Nb(NMe2)3 (12), (2)Nb(NMe2)3 (15), (3)Nb(NMe2)3 (18), (4)Nb(NMe2)3 (20) and [2-(3-Me3C-2-O- C6H3CHN)-2?-(N)-C20H12][2- (Me2N)2CH-6-CMe3-C6H 3O]NbNMe2¡¤C7H8 (25¡¤C7H8), and tantalum amides (1)Ta(NMe 2)3 (13), (2)Ta(NMe2)3 (16), (3)Ta(NMe2)3 (19) and (4)Ta(NMe2)3 (21) respectively, in good yields. Reaction of V(NMe2)4 or M(NMe2)5 (M = Nb, Ta) with 2 equiv of C 1-symmetric amidate ligands 9H or 10H at room temperature gives, after recrystallization from a toluene or n-hexane solution, the chiral bis-ligated vanadium amides (9)2V(NMe2) 2¡¤3C7H8 (27¡¤3C7H 8) and (10)V(NMe2)2 (28), and chiral bis-ligated metallaaziridine complexes (10)2M(NMe2) (eta2-CH2NMe) (M = Nb (29), Ta (30)) respectively, in good yields. The niobium and tantalum amidate complexes are stable in a toluene solution at or below 160 C, while the vanadium amidate complexes degrade via diemthylamino group elimination at this temperature. For example, heating the complex (2)V(NMe2)2 (14) in toluene at 160 C for four days leads to the isolation of the complex [(2)V]2(mu-NMe 2)2 (26) in 58% yield. These new complexes have been characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, and elemental analyses. The solid-state structures of complexes 12, 13, and 15-30 have further been confirmed by X-ray diffraction analyses. The vanadium amides are active chiral catalysts for the asymmetric hydroamination/cyclization of aminoalkenes, affording cyclic amines in moderate to good yields with good ee values (up to 80%), and the tantalum amides are outstanding chiral catalysts for the hydroaminoalkylation, giving chiral secondary amines in good yields with excellent ee values (up to 93%).

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Reference£º
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI

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Highly enantioselective kinetic resolution of axially chiral BINAM derivatives catalyzed by a Bronsted acid

A highly efficient strategy for the kinetic resolution of axially chiral BINAM derivatives involving a chiral Bronsted acid-catalyzed imine formation and transfer hydrogenation cascade process was developed. The kinetic resolution provides a convenient route to chiral BINAM derivatives in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. Chiral BINAMs on demand: A highly efficient strategy for the kinetic resolution of axially chiral BINAM derivatives involving a chiral Bronsted acid catalyzed imine formation and transfer hydrogenation cascade process was developed. The kinetic resolution provides a convenient route to chiral BINAM derivatives in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities.

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Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI