In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the same phase as the reactant. The number of collisions between reactants and catalyst is at a maximum.In a patent, 18531-99-2, name is (S)-[1,1′-Binaphthalene]-2,2′-diol, introducing its new discovery. Application In Synthesis of (S)-[1,1′-Binaphthalene]-2,2′-diol
(S)-6-Br-BINOL-derived phosphoramidite, a simple monodentate ligand with a stereogenic center at the phosphorus atom, was synthesized for the first time. This stereoselector generated a high level of enantioselectivity (80-95% ee) in the rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation of alpha-dehydrocarboxylic acid esters and was also successfully employed in the asymmetric palladium-catalyzed allylic substitution of (E)-1,3-diphenylallyl acetate. The optical yield also showed significant dependence with reaction type: up to 70% ee for allylic amination, up to 75% ee for allylic sulfonylation, and up to 90% ee for allylic alkylation.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 18531-99-2 is helpful to your research. Application In Synthesis of (S)-[1,1′-Binaphthalene]-2,2′-diol
Reference：
Metal catalyst and ligand design,
Ligand Template Strategies for Catalyst Encapsulation – NCBI